Understanding of the nature of cost, the link between physical

Essays on Understanding of the nature of cost, the link between physical processes of manufacture, or service provision, and cost incurrence, and the problems likely to be encountered in product or service cost measurement Essay Contents Contents 2 Introduction 3 The Topic in Context 3 Conclusion 7 Work Cited 8 Understanding of the Nature of Cost, the Link between Physical Processes of Manufacture, or Service Provision, and Cost Incurrence, and the Problems likely to be encountered in Product or Service Cost Measurement Introduction Any product is usually accompanied by the term cost. Cost is a combination of all the expenses incurred with the aim of achieving organizational goals. For products, cost will mean a monetary measurement of resources used as materials, labor, and overheads. On the hand, cost for a service will mean the monetary sacrifice made to provide the service. In services and products, accountants usually combine cost with other descriptive terms, for example, historical, product, prime, labor, or material. All the latter terms define some characteristics of the cost measurement or an aspect of the object being measured. The Topic in Context In order to take a product to the market the cost incurred in the same must be calculated. It is from such a calculation that the price of a specific product will be established. In most cases, the process of determining the cost is faced by some challenges and this may lead to either under or over pricing (Sherman, 13). When it is under pricing then the organization makes loss while when it is over pricing the organization makes huge profits at the expense of the customers. Cost measurement must therefore be done perfectly so that the pricing of the product is at its best. In this case, a product will be identified and it will be a drink. This will be a natural drink. Since it is a food product then the marketing of the same must be done to perfection since it will be competing with other drinks like the ones from the coca cola company that are in the whole world. It is very competitive to market a food product thus this will require a lot of technicality. In making the drink, the various processes that will be incurred are the inputs. This is for instance provision of raw materials. The raw materials that will be required in this will be fruits. Three fruits have already been chosen. They are mangoes, oranges, and bananas. The latter are the first hand products that will be required. At first, the cost of purchasing the raw products will be incurred. After this, the cost of labor will be incurred since this will have to be transported to the company. In the manufacturing, labor will be required since there must be workers who will be working to produce the final product. The cost of the latter has also to be accounted for. After the processing of the drink, there will be bottling. This will still need labor. Another resource that will be used in manufacturing the product is time. Time must always be to the minimum thus, there is a need to account for the time used so that in future ways of making the time least can be done (Sherman, 14). Other resources that will be required will be direct raw products that will be used in making the drink. This will be pure water, drink flavors, and preservatives. The most preferred preservative is sodium benzoate so that the health of the consumers is not affected since there are some food preservatives that have been proved unhealthy for human consumption. After manufacturing the product, the next thing will be marketing of the product. This is crucial since it will determine the importance of the manufacturing. In this, there are variety tasks that will be involved so that the product may be able to reach customers in the estimated places. One thing that will be done is market segmentation and positioning. The places where the products will be marketed must be defined. These must be areas with potential markets of such a product. In order to be perfect in market segmentation and positioning, there will be a need of consumer research. This will be done either during manufacturing or immediately after manufacturing so that it does not interfere with anything else in preparation for sale. There will also be test marketing. This will test the demand of the product in the positioned areas. When the demand is already known, then this will help to streamline the supply chain. Branding is also required. The company will establish a long-term method that it will use to brand its products by establishing a number of brand names that will be used in future to name products. In all the latter there will be need of transport means (Sherman, 22). This must have been planned for before starting the business and the expenses must be calculated. In this case, there are different costs that will be incurred; to begin with, we have the cost that will be incurred in holding meetings. At the onset of the business, there must be planners who will be involved to lay a good strategy for the product. In addition to this, there is setting up of the physical structure that will be called the company. This will involve costs in construction and purchasing of land. There will also be costs for buying the equipments that will be used. In general, all the latter will be named the initial costs. This will be done as one calculation and then the final figure given (Sherman, 20). There will be costs incurred in manufacturing and marketing. This will be combined together since there are some components in the two that will be put under one category. In both, for instance there is cost that will be incurred in pricing labor. This will be referred as labor costs and they will begin from all the workers involved in the manufacturing and marketing. There will also be transport cases since in both cases there will be transport expenses. In manufacturing, the transport cost will involve the one incurred in transporting the raw materials while in marketing it will involve transporting the finished products to the market. The latter will be termed as indirect expenses since they may not have direct impact to the pricing (Sherman, 25). We will still have the costs that will be involved in branding, consumer research, and market segmentation and positioning together with market entry strategies. Although they may not be high, they will still need to reflect on the total cost. They will, therefore, be referred to as activity costs (Sherman, 27). The prices have been classified as per unit. This will be crucial since they will be able to determine where there was overspending or under spending so that in future they can find ways of improving in such. This will be established by putting the different activities together as it has already been done for instance having the initial costs that will comprise a number of tasks performed at the onset of the business. This will however not be easy since some of the activities will occur from the start to the end. A good example is transport since in each case transport will have to be accounted for (Sherman, 29). If we account transport in manufacturing and marketing, then we will other expenses in the same for instance the fuel that will be used by the heads of the business. Some of the expenses may also be difficult to establish and this may still affect the total cost. After getting all the costs incurred either directly or indirectly, then they will be added to come up with the total cost. The total cost will be used for pricing. The organization will calculate the drinks that have been manufactured. After this, they will divide the total cost by the number of drinks. This will be used in pricing where they will add a certain percentage to the figure they get for each drink. The added figure will be the profit. They have to do this perfectly so that they do not incur losses. This will be pricing and then they will be able to take the product to the positioned areas (Sherman, 30). Conclusion In conclusion, starting of any profitable business will need good cost analysis. Cost will be accounted for from the word go until the product is in the market. The costs incurred are grouped so that there is ease in calculating them. They are then summed up to get the final total cost. The total cost is usually used to determine the price of the product. All the latter will require careful analysis. The pricing should be done in such a way that the consumers will not be much exploited. The business should also make reasonable profits. All these will determine much about the success of the business in future. The leaders in the business must therefore try to perfect in everything. Work Cited Sherman, Andrew. â€Å"Franchising and Licensing Two Powerful Ways to Grow Your Business in Any Economy†. New York: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn, 2011. Pp. 10-35.

Obstacles Older Adults Nutritional Food Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(340) " money is a major cause of nutrient insecurity, seniors sometimes â€Å" have adequate money for nutrient but are non able to entree nutrient because of transit or functional restrictions, or are non able to decently utilize nutrient because of functional damages and wellness jobs † \( Wolfe, Frongillo A ; Valois, 2010 \) \." As concluded by a reappraisal of the literature, the subject of hungriness and older grownups is drastically understudied. However, hungriness is an issue impacting the older grownup Afro-american population peculiarly in hapless, developing metropoliss such as Chester, Pennsylvania. The intent of this survey is to look into the barriers to nutrient security among the aged life in this country and farther heighten the current research ; the focal point will be on deficiency of mobility, socioeconomic position, and deficiency of cognition on proper nutrition and where to entree equal nutrient. We will write a custom essay sample on Obstacles Older Adults Nutritional Food Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The information will be gathered by a subjective question/answer study entitled Household Food Insecurity Access Scale ( HFIAS ) . This study will be distributed to Afro-american grownups 65 and older life in the Chester, PA country. The informations acquired from this survey will ease the execution of future plans in order to give older grownups in the Chester, PA country equal entree to nutritionary nutrient. The troubles of turning old frequently make one think of an addition in furrows, trouble with mobility, finance problems, worsening wellness, and loss of sight. However, a common happening non thought of when discoursing the predicaments of an older individual is hunger stabs ; the aged often experience a deficiency of equal nutrition, trouble affording repasts, jobs with mobility impacting trips to a food market shop, and a figure of other factors impacting their entree to nutritionary nutrient. The combination of these factors make it highly hard for aged grownups, particularly those populating in ignored metropoliss like Chester, Pennsylvania, to achieve equal nutrient and nutrition in order to pull off a healthy life style. To do affairs more hard, the aged are frequently excessively proud to inquire for aid when it comes to any of the battles they face as a member of the older population, doing an inauspicious consequence on their wellness, wellbeing, and quality of life. The Current State of the Problem The continuity of hungriness in a development, hardworking state like the U.S. is â€Å" the most profound contradiction of our age † ( Cohen A ; Reeves, 2005 ) . About 800 million in the underdeveloped universe, about 20 per centum of the entire population, are inveterate malnourished ( Cohen A ; Reeves, 2005 ) . Research has besides shown that at least 2 billion people suffer from vitamin and mineral lacks ( Cohen A ; Reeves, 2005 ) . The aged are a population enormously at hazard for this terrorization world. As the baby-boomer population is coming of age, there is a important rise in the Numberss of aged people in society ( Metz, 2000 ) . Research shows that people 65 and older represent 37 million people in the U.S. , about 12 per centum of the population at big. With such a representative per centum of Americans in this class, the troubles impacting their quality of life are of important importance. Quality of life in old age can frequently be affected by mobility, finance problems, unequal nutrition, sick wellness, and other troubles, although the relationship is non clear ( Metz, 2000 ) . Literature Review Discussions of the older population normally focuses on the disablements that diminish older grownups ‘ capableness to â€Å" obtain nutrient and and/or prepare repasts † ( Roe, 1990 ) . In a survey of hungriness and the aged, Schlenker ( 1984 ) â€Å" concluded that deficiency of entree to cooking installations may explicate their reported hungriness † ( Roe, 1990 ) . Poverty has besides been identified as a finding factor of diet insufficiencies in the aged ( Roe, 1990 ) . Posner ( 1979 ) â€Å" emphasized that those aged with really low incomes non merely hold less money to pass on nutrient, but they besides may hold more disablements that diminish nutrient entree than less destitute elderly, who have better wellness attention † ( Roe, 1990 ) . These factors have all been identified as critical determiners of hungriness and unequal entree to nutrient, yet no old surveies have determined which factors have a conjoining consequence, a more terrible impact, and how to repair these issues. The day of the months of these surveies, all before 1990 besides necessitate the demand for a more recent survey ; â€Å" Governments and international and national bureaus implementing nutrient and nutrition plans need information on the population ‘s nutrient insecurity to inform determination devising, proctor alteration and measure impact † ( FANTA, 2008 ) . The construct of mobility can hold an impact on many other countries of life, such as it does on adequate entree to nutrition. A research survey to achieve more information in this country is necessitated peculiarly because by look intoing the loss of mobility with increasing age and the impact this has on accessing equal nutrition could heighten the quality of life for an older individual ( Metz, 2000 ) . Adequate nutrition and wellbeing are of import facets of remaining healthy, yet can go progressively hard with old age ; by researching the barriers forestalling good wellness and nutrition in old age, such as mobility, societal workers and research workers will break measure the demands of the aged population and how to supply good services. Socioeconomic factors may besides foretell hungriness and subsequent ailment wellness ( Biros, Hoffman, A ; Resch, 2008 ) . Surveies have shown and estimated household income to be a factor forestalling persons from accessing equal nutrition ( Olson, 1999 ) . It is to no surprise that those with a lower income experience hungriness at a higher degree ; this is due to the fact they can non afford proper nutritionary nutrient and settle for fast nutrient eating houses or frozen processed nutrient. The aged population is no different. As stated above, this has an highly negative consequence on their wellness, every bit good as their emotional and mental wellbeing. The emphasis that can ensue due to the concerns and concerns an person of hapless socioeconomic position faces are a hapless influence on their mental, emotional, and physical wellbeing ( Biros, Hoffman, A ; Resch, 2008 ) . A combination of these factors, every bit good as the deficiency of equal nutrition, can hold a long p ermanent negative impact on the wellness of an aged individual. Although money is a major cause of nutrient insecurity, seniors sometimes â€Å" have adequate money for nutrient but are non able to entree nutrient because of transit or functional restrictions, or are non able to decently utilize nutrient because of functional damages and wellness jobs † ( Wolfe, Frongillo A ; Valois, 2010 ) . You read "Obstacles Older Adults Nutritional Food Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Although frequently hungriness in the U.S. is linked to poverty as a status reflecting unequal resources, it can besides be linked to miss of cognition about said resources. In a survey by Carlson, Andrews, and Bickel ( 1999 ) , an estimated 11.9 % of U.S. families ( 35 million people ) were nutrient insecure. Among these, 4.1 % of families ( with 6.9 million grownups ) â€Å" showed a repeating form of hungriness due to unequal resources for one or more of their grownup aˆÂ ¦ sometime during the period † ( Carlson, Andrews, A ; Bickel, 1999 ) . Many older grownups remain uninformed about the utile beginnings that can assist them discontinue their hungriness, and are hence uneducated about ways to achieve equal alimentary nutrient. Other effects of hapless nutritionary position include wellness, â€Å" in the broadest sense of [ the word ] including societal and mental wellbeing every bit good as physical wellness and overall quality of life † ( Olson, 1999, p. 521 ) . Hunger is associated with chronic hapless wellness and may coerce the aged to do picks that acutely impact their physical wellness and wellbeing ( Biros, Hoffman, A ; Resch, 2008 ) . It is of import in societal work research to acknowledge how nutrient insecurity can impact wellness and overall quality of life either straight or indirectly through nutritionary position particularly in old age. The wellness effects of nutrient insecurity among the aged population comprise a potentially rich country for future, socially relevant research in the Fieldss of nutritionary scientific disciplines and geriatrics. The scaring hazard of hungriness can be associated with â€Å" compromised psychosocial operation † and other refering emotional provinces ( Olson, 1999 ) ; these are factors of immense concern for persons stand foring at least 12 per centum of our state ‘s population. This survey will find the prevalence of hungriness, the barriers forestalling this sensed hungriness, and its sensed wellness effects among the aged. As concluded by a reappraisal of the literature, and antecedently stated, the relationship between hungriness and older grownups is comparatively understudied. However, as illustrated, hunger is an issue impacting the older grownup population. Similarly, the aforesaid factors are issues blighting the lives of older grownups that can do it even more hard to stay healthy and eat alimentary nutrients. It is necessary to look into more on this subject by planing a survey to farther heighten the current research in this country in order to assist the older, hungry population. The intent of this survey is to place what obstructions, if any, are forestalling older Afro-american grownups in the Chester, PA country from accomplishing equal nutritionary nutrient. This peculiar survey will concentrate on deficiency of mobility, socioeconomic position, and the absence of cognition on nutritionary beginnings of nutrient. The research inquiries will be: Are there barriers forestalling older Africa n American grownups from accessing equal nutrition? Make these barriers include small to no mobility, finance problems, and deficiency of cognition? What can we as research workers to make arrest and prevent this job for the hereafter? With the informations collected from the study, plans will be implemented to ease the distribution of nutritionary nutrient within the country in an attempt to discontinue the bing job of hungriness in the older grownup population. In a similar attempt, participants will have a press release on where to travel to acquire nutrient, consciousness on proper nutrition, and how to manage their fundss in order to properly supply for their households appetites. The Demographics Although much of the research and information stated therefore far reflects the older population at a wide degree, the African American older grownups populating in Chester, Pennsylvania are no different, and may in fact experience all of these negative factors at a much higher degree. People 65 and older represent 11.8 per centum of the population in Chester, PA and 15.6 per centum of the Pennsylvania population at big harmonizing to the 2008 US Census ( US Census ) . Furthermore, the lives of these older grownups are made more hard as Chester, Pennsylvania is a instead developing and unfortunate, neglected community. The average family income in this country is $ 33,365, which is significantly less than the mean Pennsylvania household income of $ 50,713 ( City-Data, 2008 ) . Residents with income below the poorness degree in 2008 was at an dismaying 27.2 per centum while the remainder of the province is at a much more stable per centum of 11 per centum ( City-Data, 2008 ) . The pop ulation in Chester, PA has 16.7 per centum of persons unemployed, a per centum much above province norm ( City-Data, 2008 ) . Similarly, the African American population per centum is significantly higher than province norm at 74.6 per centum ( City-Data, 2008 ) . In footings of nutrient environment statistics, the metropolis does non hold a food market shop within its metropolis bounds coercing occupants to go forth Chester to make their nutrient shopping. Furthermore, Chester is # 84 on the list of â€Å" Top 100 least-safe metropoliss in the U.S. † ( City-Data, 2008 ) . The combination of these unwanted statistics paints a graphic image of the neglected community that is Chester, PA. As if older grownups do non hold adequate jobs impacting their entree to adequate nutrition, it is clear to see that the African American older grownup population in Chester, PA has significantly more factors blighting their wellness and nutrition. In a survey by Wolfe, Frongillo, and Valois ( 2010 ) , Afro-american seniors are one population in peculiar that suffers from nutrient insecurity. Many urban elder African Americans rely on borrowing money from friends, â€Å" purchasing nutrient on recognition from local grocers, trusting on aid from close friends or household who were non ever able to supply the aid needed or making without. † With the bulk of the Chester, PA population in this class, an outstanding 74.6 per centum ( City-Data, 2008 ) , the senior Afro-american grownups who suffer from hungriness in this country demand help achieving satiating, alimentary nutrient. It is clip to acknowledge that adult females and kids are non the lone persons enduring from hungriness and malnutrition ; seniors are besides a group of greatest concern ( Wellman, Weddle, Kranz, A ; Brain, 1997 ) . The high degree of malnutrition among America ‘s older grownup is non merely unacceptable, but it is preventable ( Wellman et.al. , 1997 ) . It is necessary to increase public consciousness of the issue of hungriness and older grownups through this research survey in order to help older individuals in accessing equal nutrition. On a similar note, the fact that many of the surveies aforementioned in this literature reappraisal are dated by more than 5 old ages warrants a demand for this research survey. The intent of this survey is to look into the barriers to nutrient security among the aged life in this country and farther heighten the current research ; the focal point will be on deficiency of mobility, socioeconomic position, and deficiency of cognition on prop er nutrition and where to entree equal nutrient. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the possible obstructions forestalling older grownups in the Chester country from having equal nutrient and nutrition? MEDTHODOLOGY Sampling A ; Recruitment Procedures The population in this research survey includes Afro-american older grownups age 65 and older residing in Chester, PA, non in a nursing place or other healthcare installation. The names of the persons will be acquired from the Delaware County Office of Services for the Aging ( COSA ) . The sample will include both males and females in parts reflecting the current population ‘s per centums since the sample is critical to external cogency ; the findings can so be generalized to the larger mark population. The choice procedure will be done indiscriminately ; the topics in the survey will be chosen at random from the population. Every 3rd individual ‘s name on the list of older Afro-american grownups in Delaware County from COSA will be selected to finish the study. The participants will finish a consent missive that assures they understand their namelessness and confidentiality will be ensured. Study Design This is an exploratory survey which will specify the obstructions forestalling older grownups in the Chester country from having equal nutrient and nutrition. The information will be obtained from a assorted method cross-sectional attack. The participants will first finish a self-report study, followed by a more prodding interview in order to derive more cognition on this subject. The study is the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale ( HFIAS ) for Measurement of Food Access is obtained from the United States Agency for International Development ( USAID ) . Measurement/Instrumentation For the intent of this survey, hungriness will be defined as holding â€Å" limited or unsure handiness of nutritionally equal and safe nutrients or limited or unsure ability to get acceptable nutrients in socially acceptable ways † ( Anderson, 1990, p. 1598 ) . Lack of mobility will include troubles traveling because of hapless articulations, arthritis, and other age-related troubles, every bit good as deficiency of a auto, or any other agencies of transit to the food market shop. Low fiscal position will be defined as the inability to decently supply alimentary nutrient, along with other necessities, for oneself and others in the place. The nutrient security study, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale ( HFIAS ) for Measurement of Food Access, will inquire each participant to self-report about their experiences and behaviours that indicate nutrient insecurity, â€Å" such as being unable, at times, to afford balanced repasts, cutting the size of repasts because of excessively small money for nutrient, or being hungry because of excessively small money for nutrient † ( Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, FANTA, 2008 ) . The HFIAS â€Å" is based on the 18-question U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module ( US HFSSM ) , which asks respondents to depict behaviours and attitudes that relate to the â€Å" spheres † , of the nutrient insecurity experience † ( FANTA, 2008 ) . These spheres include: â€Å" 1 ) anxiousness and uncertainness about the family nutrient supple, 2 ) insufficient quality ( includes assortment and penchants of the type of nutrient ) , and 3 ) insufficient nutri ent consumption and its physical effects † ( FANTA, 2008 ) . The inquiries are designed to be added to a standard baseline and concluding rating study. The consequences from old surveies empirical analyses showed the bulk of the graduated tables to hold good internal cogency for their informations sets. Similarly, the â€Å" external proof consequences were consistent with our analysis outlooks, but as a following measure we recommend that farther research be carried out to prove the external cogency of the index against extra indexs of nutrient insecurity and expected results of nutrient insecurity. The cogency was tested by proving the â€Å" internal, cross-cultural and external cogency of the HFIAS utilizing empirical informations collected by authoritiess, international and national bureaus in a assortment of states and operational contexts † ( FANTA, 2008 ) . Data Collection Procedures The study will be sent out, with anterior warning via a telephone call, to the person ‘s house and if non completed within 30 yearss, will be followed up with another telephone call. The nutrient security position of the person will be assigned based on the figure of food-insecure conditions reported in each of the spheres included. A high mark of nutrient insecurity on this trial will justify an aid plan from the province or local authorities. Other informations will be collected by detecting lodging conditions when with the participant for the in the flesh interview station study. Restriction There are a few possible failings and restrictions of this survey. First, the step of a self-report study is merely every bit accurate as the participant allows it to be ; self-report steps make it easy to be unfaithful when replying inquiries on one ‘s wonts and behaviours and this fact needs to be taken into consideration when analysing the consequences of this survey. In a similar manner, the aged is a population plagued with memory loss. The participants in this survey may non remember the information questioned precisely as it happened or describe the information right because of memory loss. The aged population besides experiences feelings of shame and embarrassment when describing they can non supply for themselves making the same consequence as the following two issues-inaccurate coverage. Significance OF THE STUDY As stated in the literature reappraisal, much of the bing research is really much so out-of-date. In an attempt to spread out upon the research and concentrate more on smaller populations whose hungriness is a concern, this survey will concentrate chiefly on the Afro-american older grownup population of Chester, PA. The survey is important because, as stated before, â€Å" authoritiess and international and national bureaus implementing nutrient and nutrition plans need information on the population ‘s nutrient insecurity to inform determination devising, proctor alteration and measure impact † ( FANTA, 2008 ) . The deductions of these findings will help the older African American grownups in this country in achieving equal nutrition which will increase their quality of life and healthy wellbeing. The consequences of these findings will better the wellbeing of the current societal work patterns in this country by get downing groups, a societal service plan and other sign ifiers of societal work in general. Mentions Biros, M. H. , Hoffman, P. L. , A ; Resch, K. ( 2008 ) . The Prevalence and Perceived Health Consequences of Hunger in Emergency Department Patient Populations. Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 12 ( 4 ) , 310-317. Carlson, S. J. , Andrews, M. S. , A ; Bickel, G. W. ( 1999 ) . Measuring Food Insecurity and Hunger in the United States: Development. The Journal of Nutrition, 99, 510-516. Chester, Pennsylvania ( PA 19013, 19016 ) profile: population, maps, existent estate, norms, places, statistics, resettlement, travel, occupations, infirmaries, schools, offense, traveling, houses, sex wrongdoers, intelligence, sex wrongdoers. ( n.d. ) . Stats about all US metropoliss – existent estate, resettlement info, house monetary values, place value calculator, recent gross revenues, cost of life, offense, race, income, exposure, instruction, maps, conditions, houses, schools, vicinities, and more. Retrieved December 15, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.city-data.com/city/Chester-Pennsylvania.html Cohen, M. J. , A ; Reeves, D. ( 2005 ) . Causes of Hunger. International Food Policy Research Institute, 19, 1-5. FANTA Publications on New Approaches for Measuring Household Food Insecurity and Poverty: Adaptation of the US Household Food Security Scale to Developing Country Contexts 2004. ( n.d. ) . Welcome to FANTA-2 ( Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II Project ) . Retrieved December 10, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fantaproject.org/publications/hfias.shtml Kendall, A. , Olson, C. , A ; Frongillo, E. ( 1996 ) . Relationship of Hunger and Food Insecurity to Food Availability and Consumption. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 96 ( 10 ) , 1019-1024. Metz, D. ( 2000 ) . Mobility of older people and their quality of life. Conveyance Policy, 7 ( 2 ) , 149-152. Olson, C. M. ( 1999 ) . Nutrition and Health Outcomes Associated with Food Insecurity. The Journal of Nutrition, 129 ( 2 ) , 521-524. Posner, B. M. ( 1979 ) . Nutrition and the aged. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Roe, D. A. , A ; Schlenker, E. ( 1984 ) . Food Choices of the Elderly. Drugs and nutrition in the geriatric patient ( pp. 27-46 ) . New York: Churchill Livingstone. Roe, D. A. ( 1990 ) . In-Home Nutritional Assessment of Inner-City Elderly1- . Journal of Nutrition, 90, 1538-1543. Wellman, N. S. , Weddle, D. O. , Kranz, S. , A ; Brain, C. T. ( 1997 ) . Elder insecurities: Poverty, hungriness, and malnutrition. American Dietetic Association. Journal of the American Dietetic Association ; , 97 ( 10 ) , 120-122. How to cite Obstacles Older Adults Nutritional Food Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Feasibility Study of Buko Shake free essay sample

The Most Important Qualities of an Outstanding Teacher Courtney Williams The qualities of an outstanding teacher are manifold. However some of the most important qualities are passion, leadership, classroom management, and content knowledge. Teachers serve several roles and each requires certain qualities. Essentially teachers accommodate the academic, social, and emotional needs of their students. This requires the aforementioned qualities to be exhibited consistently. When novice teachers begin teaching they possess a passion for their work. As time progresses that passion evolves into determination. The passion that an outstanding teacher has can reflect through their effectiveness. While in the classroom they have learned to adapt to various learning styles and classroom dynamics. Teaching is demanding in a variety of ways, which include time, effort, and commitment. A sense of selflessness also remains present, for these teachers overextend themselves in a productive manner to fulfill their objectives. In addition passionate teachers communicate with students and their parents, which creates a team effort to ensure progression. We will write a custom essay sample on Feasibility Study of Buko Shake or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An outstanding teacher should also be a leader and good listener. Students seek teachers for guidance, so it is imperative that teachers display their leadership skills, while encouraging students to work towards guiding each other. As a leader one must be a responsible individual with integrity: take into account the views and concerns of others, and serve as mediators. Every outstanding teacher utilizes superior classroom management techniques. A healthy classroom environment should be safe, resourceful, and productive. By remaining organized with teaching aids and consistent with discipline measures, a system should be created in which students serve active roles in the classroom. These roles should include classroom assistants, and peer mediators. Furthermore outstanding teachers engage all students into each lesson, so they will feel they are part of a community. When this occurs students become more active in the learning process. The last most important quality that outstanding teachers possess is a concise understanding of the information being presented. Every teacher must execute their lesson plans in a dynamic fashion to cater to students diverse learning styles. The ability to be effective is supported by the ability to dissect, infer, map, chart, sequence, and answer questions about the given subject matter. The information has to be synchronized so that it can be made relevant to students lives. Simple understanding of subject matter may allow some teachers to intrigue students momentarily, but an in depth understanding can assist with creativity, capturing attention, and invoking student participation. Among the qualities that can be attributed to educators I strongly believe that passion, leadership, classroom management, and knowledge of content are conducive to becoming highly efficient and effective. When teachers are effective it enables students to reach their goals: as parents become involved teachers can help students realize their potential. Ultimately, effective teachers have the ability to influence students in schools and within communities; this is where leadership skills and determination manifest. |

The Inspector doesnt lead Eric Essay Example For Students

The Inspector doesnt lead Eric Essay Eva Smith is a name given to a person who cannot be identified, like the American: Jon Doe. The character Eva Smith could represent any person of low social, or financial standings, in Britain, the Inspector may not be talking about the same person every time. During each persons own interrogation, the Inspector uses a photograph to show each character the so-called Eva Smith that they had some part in killing. Whether the photograph was the same one every time is, again, open to interpretation. When the Inspector drops in on the Birling family, he is very dominant to start with. He is a very big and overbearing man, his clothes are in proper order (keeping to police regulations no doubt!), you can see he is a person of high morals and when he starts to speak Mr. Birling is not as in control as he thinks he is. We will write a custom essay on The Inspector doesnt lead Eric specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Throughout the play the Inspector slowly starts to work out who was directly involved in the girls suicide, though he doesnt show it he is mentally putting together the clues to find an answer: who is the most guilty? The Inspector uses a technique based on the saying: if you give someone enough rope they will hang themselves, this means that if you (as the Inspector) lead a person on long enough they will eventually admit to their crimes. He uses this a lot in each of the characters interrogation. When the Inspector talks to Mr. Birling he uses a very dominant tone, no sympathy or anything because at the start Mr. Birling denies everything and cant admit that he had some part in Evas suicide. Mr. Birling gets very frustrated with the Inspector, as he is no longer in complete control. The Inspector starts to get angry with Mr. Birling when he says She had a lot to say, far to much, she had to go the Inspector sees this as a threat to society as he s suppressing freedom of speech. Mr. Birling is scared that he might loose his knighthood opportunity and his flawless reputation will be scarred because of the ordeal, and his cool calm in control faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade is shattered. Eventually Mr. Birling confesses, and feels guilt for what he did. You must look as if to intimidate him, but dont show it, try to outsmart him and teach him. The Inspector uses sarcastic wit to lead Mr. Birling more and to eventually confess to his crime. Next, the Inspector talks to Sheila Birling. The Inspector is not harsh to Sheila as he was to Mr. Birling, he acts more like a councellor to Sheila because he knows that Sheila is sorry about what she did and is making her feel more guilty by admitting her part in the crime. After Sheila comes her fianc, Gerald. The Inspector uses a tone similar to the one used when speaking to Sheila. He uses is sympathetic and uses a councellors approach to the interrogation. The Inspector tries not to meddle as much as he does with Mr. Birling, because he knows that what he is saying could wreck Gerald and Sheilas relationship apart. When speaking to Mrs. Birling the Inspector, again, uses the same dominant and demanding tone as he used whilst talking to Mr. Birling. When Mrs. Birling doesnt know what the Inspector is going to say, she starts off by saying that; Weve done a great deal of useful work in helping deserving cases but then she is made to eat her words when the Inspector starts to tell Mrs. Birling her involvement in the case. .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 , .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 .postImageUrl , .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 , .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107:hover , .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107:visited , .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107:active { border:0!important; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107:active , .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107 .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udea300394f2ae693dbf9cf50159bf107:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ghosts EssayBecause of her lack of responsibility in the matter, the Inspector gets very frustrated with Mrs. Birling, this is the only time we see him frustrated in the play, you must use the frustration in moderation throughout the play, as this is the only time the Inspector shows real emotion. The Inspector finally backs Mrs. Birling into a corner and thinks he has got her, but, she starts to blame the ordeal on other people so that her slate would be clean, she even blames her family. The last person the Inspector talks to is Eric Birling. The Inspector doesnt lead Eric on as much as the other characters, because he more or less admits to the whole thing without the Inspector hardly saying a thing. As the Inspector sees it, Eric drinks because of his guilt and if the Inspector lead him on any more then he would have another suicide case on his hands. Mr. Birling becomes very angry with Eric when he is confessing (because he stole the money), but the Inspector stops Mr. Birling because all he wants to hear is the truth, he doesnt care about how much trouble Eric is in with his father. When the Inspector arrives on the scene he immediately makes a dramatic impact on the quiet and peaceful scene. Your costume will include a dark suit of the period, with a bow tie and a brown coloured trench coat over the top. You will wear a hat, take it off when you arrive on the scene and then put it back on when leaving. You will act coolly and calmly throughout the play, adding touches of emotion during your last monologue.  I hope that you enjoy playing the role of the Inspector in our fine play, and we look forward to any contributions that you make to the dramatic effect of the play, thank you.

How to Label Digital Photos

How to Label Digital Photos How many times have you exclaimed in delight over the discovery of an old family photograph, only to turn it over and find out that absolutely nothing is written on the back? I can hear your groan of disappointment all the way from here. Wouldnt you give just about anything to have ancestors and relatives who took the time to label their family photographs? Whether you own a digital camera or use a scanner to digitize traditional family photographs, it is important to take some time and label your digital photos. This can be a  bit trickier than just getting out a pen, but if you learn to use something called image metadata  to label your digital photos, your future descendants will thank you. What Is Metadata? With respect to digital photos or other digital files, metadata  refers to the descriptive information embedded inside the file. Once added, this identifying information stays with the image, even if you move it to another device, or share it by email or online. There are two basic types of metadata that can be associated with a digital photo: EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format)  data is automatically captured by your camera or scanner at the time it is taken or created. The EXIF metadata stored with a digital photograph might include the date and time the photo was taken, the type and size of the image file, camera settings or, if youre using a camera or phone with GPS capabilities, the geolocation.IPTC or XMP  data is data that is editable by you, allowing you to add and store information with your photos such as a caption, descriptive tags, copyright information, etc. IPTC is the most widely used industry standard, originally created by the  International Press Telecommunications Council for adding to a photograph specific data including the creator, a description, and copyright information.  XMP  (Extensible Metadata Platform) was developed by Adobe in 2001 off of IPTC. For the end-users purpose, the two standards are pretty much interchangeable. How to Add Metadata to Your Digital Photos Special photo labeling software, or just about any graphics software program, allows you to add IPTC/XMP metadata to your digital photographs. Some also enable you to also use this information (date, tags, etc.) to organize your collection of digital photos.  Depending on the software you choose, the available metadata fields may vary, but generally include fields for: authortitlecopyrightcaptionkeywords or tags The steps involved in adding metadata descriptions to your digital photos varies by program, but usually involves some variation of opening a photo in your graphics editing software and selecting a menu item such as File Get Info or Window Info and then adding your information to the appropriate fields. Photo editing programs that support IPTC/XMO include Adobe Lightroom, Adobe Photoshop Elements, XnView, Irfanview, iPhoto, Picasa and BreezeBrowser Pro. You can also add some of your own metadata directly in Windows Vista, 7, 8 and 10, or in Mac OS X. View a full list of software applications that support IPTC on the IPTC website.   Using IrfanView to Label Digital Photos If you dont already have a preferred graphics program, or your graphics software doesnt support IPTC/XMO, then IrfanView is a free, open-source graphic viewer that runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux. To use IrfanView for editing IPTC metadata: Open a .jpeg image with IrfanView (this doesnt work with other image formats such as .tif)Select Image InformationClick on the IPTC info button in the bottom-left cornerAdd information to the fields you choose. I recommend using the caption field to identify people, places, events, and dates. If known, it is also great to capture the name of the photographer.When you have finished entering your information, click the Write button at the bottom of the screen, and then OK. You  can also add IPTC information to multiple photos at once by highlighting a set of thumbnail images of .jpeg files. Right-click on the highlighted thumbnails and select JPG lossless operations and then Set IPTC data to selected files. Enter information and hit the Write button. This will write your information to all of the highlighted photos. This is a good method for entering dates, photographer, etc. Individual photos can then be further edited to add more specific information. Now that youve been introduced to image metadata, you have no further excuse for not labeling your digital family photos. Your future descendants will thank you!

Latest vs. Last

Latest vs. Last Latest vs. Last Latest vs. Last By Maeve Maddox Chandan writes: I am confused between usage of word LATEST. Basically, it is being used in two opposite situations: 1. meaning late or last â€Å"Return my book latest by Monday† 2. meaning most recent â€Å"This is the latest book.† How is â€Å"latest† is used in 2 opposite contexts? English is often blamed for confusion and ambiguity that stems not from the language, but from the use of the language. As an adjective, latest has the meaning â€Å"most recent.† Ex. This is the latest book. Here’s the latest news. In order to use â€Å"latest† adverbially, with the meaning â€Å"at the last possible moment,† it needs to be placed in a phrase. Ex. Return my book on Monday at the latest. Here are some quotations with the correct use of the term on newspapers: jacket, the artist Christo stood on a platform looking over the Serpentine lake one April morning and watched his latest creation come to life. As ducks glided across the water, men in orange jumpsuits began assembling the installation (www.nytimes.com) of strategy and doctrine on cyberwarfare is less a product of inattention than of the still-early stage of this latest technology of destruction. The lack of doctrine and especially the lack of consensus on controlling destructive (www.nytimes.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?Hang, Hung, HangedWood vs. Wooden

Differentiating Brands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Differentiating Brands - Essay Example However, they are the ones trying to keep up with the large brand nowadays, and it is through different strategies that they aim to realize their lost glory. Some individuals may say that Google is at a place where losing its market to some of its competition is next to impossible (Scott, 2008). This paper will examine three of Google’s main competitors, and find out if any of the strategies being implemented can work to topple the giant. Google, with regards to its competition, may have a difficult time trying to maintain the top position in terms of market share. Microsoft, Yahoo, and Facebook, as the three top contenders for the number one spot, are bringing in new ideas, innovations, and attitude to the IT world. They are trying to be the best at what they do, and to be the best, one has to beat the best. This is what they aim at achieving. They are now offering various products and services to their brand users across the globe, and their reward is the growing number of c onsumers they can boast of in the past year. The competition from all corners may make Google sweat a little as they work hard to maintain the strong grip on the ever-expanding market (Duthel, 2008). Google’s main competitors Microsoft In the IT world, Microsoft can be likened to no other. At this point in time, it is fair to assume that Google’s main competition comes from this dominant force that has ruled the technological world since time immemorial. Google reigns as champion when it comes down search engines. Microsoft’s differentiation strategy when it comes to search engines has led to the creation of image searches, mapping, and the rising Bing. This leads to a discovery that the success of one company leads to the determination and rise of another. This means that, Google is paving the way for more innovation and more competition from the other forces present in the business market (Hill & Jones, 2012). Yahoo A series of changes is being made to this we b phenomenon. This search engine, over the years, has helped millions across the world to access some of the many things that need addressing. Presently, users can now perform searches while getting educated on how to get the relevant and much needed results. A lot of other innovations are coming up, for example; Flickr integration and embedded video are some of the different products Yahoo is hoping will gain them their foothold in the market (Hill & Jones, 2012). Facebook Google and Facebook have been known to complement each other when it comes to the business and IT side (Hill & Jones, 2012). In truth, Facebook has helped Google attract a large share of consumers over the past two years, and due to this, both companies are growing at a particularly rapid pace. During the launch of a feature that could assist individuals find places and each other, Facebook is likely to create a huge challenge to Google. People can do this while on the social network so everything may be done whi le people are still connecting. This is a major product launch, which may see Facebook’s consumer base increase. How Google integrates differentiation into its marketing communication vehicles In terms of Google’s communication vehicles, there are different channels which are being utilized. Being a giant in the IT world, Google has millions of pages that have some of the products and services they offer. During the day, a lot of people in various organizations and institutions use the internet to carry out their