Direct Marketing Memorandum

This memo is with regard to the current problem as to the proposed shift in marketing strategy for company products. As you have all been made aware, a recommendation was recently submitted to the Vice President for Marketing with the suggestion being to establish a direct-marketing system for the company in order to increase sales and productivity levels.Furthermore, the rationale behind this line of thinking was that a direct marketing model would better improve the company’s capability to reach out to customers directly, and being able to address their needs and wants quickly and efficiently. This however, is now being contested by some of the major retailer clients in our distribution network, especially since it is their perception that this will essentially lessen their own sales and marketing initiatives.Not only will it mean reduced orders and client patronizing on their end, it will also effectively deprive them of profits and financial sustainability. It becomes ther efore the position of this memo that a compromise must be arrived at, since the needs of both parties in this scenario must be taken into careful account. The new recommendation then is as follows: the establishment of a modified direct marketing system similar in nature to the model currently in use by Hewlett-Packard Corp.Instead of accepting orders on the company site and depriving retailers of their major function, decentralization to a certain degree will be done by forwarding all orders or requests on the site to the retailer systems for processing. While this model reduces outright profits on the part of the company, as opposed to the original direct marketing one, it would still retain the favor of the retailers in our distribution network, which basically amount to roughly 60% of all sales operations. This is believed to be the best option for the company to take given the current circumstances.

Reintroduce Children’s ASPIRIN

Given the respective scenarios and the projections described in the exhibits for each option, evaluate and choose the alternative that best optimizes Bayer’s prevention and children’s business. Explain. Upon reading the two options that have come up, the best alternative would be choosing the second option: Reintroduce Children's ASPIRIN worldwide as a prevention product and rename it under the brand ASPIRIN 100 ®. Figure 2 (See below) summarized that this option appears to have more benefits than the first option given.Although venturing into this option would require repackaging, relabeling, and reindicating the brand and it might accelerate the cannibalization of Pharma's sales, reintroducing the product could attract new users from competitive brands. As Joachim Zander analyzed the two scenarios under when they reintroduce their product: â€Å"Under the first scenario, we essentially create attention for ourselves and the market reacts. As a result, Pharma's high -end product, CardioASPIRIN ® , loses 10% of its sales due to our cheaper alternative.However, we also appropriate incremental sales of 10% from the competition. Beyond that, by keeping the product on the market, though in a new form, we are able to keep 20% of the children's ASPIRIN customers. Under the second scenario, I envision that the market does the opposite and reacts very little to our product change. Thus, Pharma doesn't lose any volume, and Consumer Care is unable to gain any incremental volume from the competition. Either way, we still keep 20% of the children's ASPIRIN customers.† Comparing Exhibit 6 with Exhibits 7A and 7B, the forecast losses in Option 1 will be substantially greater given the Middle and Worst Case Scenarios than what is featured in losses in Option 2. Although in the Best Case Scenario in Option 1 could appear to be advantageous, assuming that scenario to happen would be faulty. Also, as emphasized in Exhibit 5, although the sales of children ’s aspirin is declining, its margin against the Prevention CardioASPIRIN ® is still significantly higher.Keeping their seasoned and most valued customers who give them more profits will be the optimal approach. Thus, the win-win solution would be Option 2 because either way 20 percent of the children’s aspirin customers will be maintained. This business decision will be less damaging to the company, either best or worse case happens. 2. ) Do you agree with quantitative assumptions used to develop the forecasts? Why or Why not? Yes, I agree.In order to come up with the best decision, managers must make a number of educated assumptions about future trends and events and modify those assumptions once new information becomes available. Quantitative forecasts are typically based on historical data or tests and which involve complex statistical computations, which the Bayer Aspirin Case presented to represent the financial outcomes of the two options. Although quantitative forecasting is not foolproof, it is a valuable tool that enable managers to fill in the unknown variables that inevitably crop up in the planning process.For instance, the case study obtained the trend from 1994 to 1998 to formulate the outcomes of the trends in 1999 to 2003. The results they obtained indicated that prevention customers had been rapidly replacing children customers over the five years from 1994 through 1998. Forecast indicated by 2003 that approximately 27% of Children’s ASPIRIN sales would be for children and 73% for prevention customers, effectively reversing the 80% / 20% split, respectively, from 1994.Upon seeing the trends, Zander and Merker had the ability to conclude that Children’s ASPIRIN was naturally evolving into a low-cost, low-dosage prevention product. And it looked as if the combination of the rapid growth in the prevention market and the decline of the children’s market would be the death of the Children’s ASPIRIN brand. Of course, these are just assumptions and these could be wrong but at least the present trends could spell a lot with what will happen in the future.

Relations Between Teenagers And Adults Essay

A common phrase that adults can testify to hearing from any given teenager is, â€Å"You don’t understand!† This proves a struggle between the youth and the adults that quite possibly is never-ending. Adults make assumptions about kids, based on the way they dress, which pushes kids further and further away. In the essay, â€Å"Goths in Tomorrowland† by Thomas Hine (2001), he emphasizes the beliefs that adults began the idea of youth alienation from older societies and the teenagers keep it that way. Donna Gaine’s (2001) essay, â€Å"Teenage Wasteland,† discusses four teenagers who were mocked and misunderstood by adults and reporters alike. Jon Katz (2001) lets the kids explain themselves about their seclusion from society and the misconceptions about them in his column, â€Å"More from the Hellmouth: Kids Tell About Rage.† The fear that elders show towards young people is merely a fear of the unknown. Adults are worried about the younger ge nerations because of their misunderstandings of the youth culture, their failure to accept youth into the adult society, and the instigation provoked from young people. Misunderstanding of youth creates the gap between adults and teenagers. Many teenagers spend their whole teen experience searching for someone to just understand them. A lot of them do not even make it through this experience because they give up feeling that no one knows what they are going through. Parents also fear for their kids because they do not understand them. A boy named Evan best explains this in â€Å"More from the Hellmouth: Kids Tell About Rage.† He says, â€Å"People fear what they don’t understand, and let’s face it, the world . . . isn’t something most people can understand . . .† (Katz, 2001, p.81). I can remember going through hard times of changing schools so frequently and my parents thinking it was so easy for me. When in reality, it was the hardest thing to do. It is hard on a kid to have to make friends, move, and then start all over again. When I tried to talk to them about it, they could never see where I was coming from or my point of view on anything. There is nothing that can be done for adults to be able to fully understand the younger generation. It is just a gap that is placed there by human nature and this generation gap can never be fully understood. Regarding my experience mentioned earlier, I noticed that my parents made no effort to understand what I was feeling and how their decisions would affect  me. That is what separated me from them, the fear of the unknown. The fact that the majority of adults make no effort to accept young people into their world is no alien idea. The teenagers from â€Å"Goths in Tomorrowland† were not accepted by adults simply for the reason that the teens dressed differently from what was considered to be normal dress. â€Å"They [adults] confuse thrashers with metalheads and goths because they all wear black. Then they assume that they’re all taking drugs and worshipping Satan† (Hine, 2001, p.71). Adults do not understand that teenagers are constantly searching to define themselves as individuals. Expression through clothing is a form of that. Yet, Hine’s article is not about merely how the teenagers dressed differently to express themselves, â€Å"It is about the ali enation of teenagers from adult society, and equally about the alienation of that society from its teenagers. The mere presence of teenagers threatens us [adults]† (p. 69). Is it the idea that this young generation of gothic-dressed supposed losers will be replacing the elders when their time is up that is so scary? Or are the youth of today causing this boundary that is formed by instigating the adults with things that they know scare them? The fault of the misunderstanding between youth and elders is not all due to the close-mindedness of adults. Young people draw adults to see them as irresponsible and immature by the way they act and carry themselves. It is almost as if they are purposely trying to show the world that they are independent, young, and can do whatever they please. The body alterations that young people use to assert that they are no longer children successfully frighten grown-ups, but they also convince them these weird creatures are well short of being adults. The ring through the lip or the nipple merely seems to demonstrate that they are not ready for adult responsibility. What they provoke is not respect but restrictions. (Hine, 2 001, p. 71) By showing off their ability to create their own identity, they are causing trouble for themselves. They should be able to express themselves freely, but instead they are left with no choice but to keep in and guard their emotions. Yet, by guarding their emotions by putting on these facades, they are â€Å"actively guarding their psychic space because the adults controlled everything else† (Gaines, 2001, p.66). Another thing that sometimes can separate youth from their adults is their inability to speak up. They are afraid that if they say what is on their mind or how they  are feeling that it could be used against them. According to Donna Gaines’ â€Å"Teenage Wasteland,† â€Å"Like any other alienated youth . . ., they don’t like to talk to adults† (p. 65). By talking to adults, they are giving themselves away and â€Å"whatever you [they] say can be held against you [them]† (p. 65). Their deepest and darkest secrets should only be shared with someone who understands them. This game of misunderstanding played between adults and youth has been going on since the beginning of time. They are considered to be in two different societies and it will be like that until the end of time. Adults do not completely understand teenagers and they never will. It is just the truth of being either an adult or a teenager. No one can understand both. Adults refuse to accept youth inside of their world and youth refuse to be a part of their elder’s world. It is a vicious cycle. Adults have to learn to let teenagers live their lives; even when they feel like protecting their children. References Gaines, Donna. (2001). Teenage Wasteland. In D. George & J. Trimbur (Ed.) Reading Culture. 4th ed. (pp. 63-66). New York: Longman. Hine, Thomas. (2001). Goths in Tomorrowland. In D. George & J. Trimbur (Ed.) Reading Culture. 4th ed. (pp. 68-73). New York: Longman.. Katz, Jon. (2001). More from the Hellmouth: Kids Tell About Rage. In D. George & J. Trimbur (Ed.) Reading Culture. 4th ed. (pp 78-83). New York: Longman.

Developments In Direct Reduced Iron

Developments In Direct Reduced Iron ( DRI )Direct reduced Fe ( DRI ) is produced through the solid province decrease of Fe oxides derived from Fe ore or electric discharge furnace ( EAF ) mulcts for the usage as a virgin Fe beginning in the EAF or basic O furnace ( BOF ) processes. Virgin Fe beginnings are needed in the EAF procedure to thin the remainders ( Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, or Va ) nowadays from old steel doing operations in the bit steel used as the primary natural stuff used in the EAF. DRI is produced in many different procedures utilizing several different fuels and different provender stocks. The DRI processes use several reaction vass including shaft furnaces, rotary fireplace furnaces, fluidized bed reactors, traveling bed reactors, and rotary kilns. The fuels used in the procedures are chiefly coal or natural gas, these fuels are used to make a reduction ambiance and elevated temperature to make a more favourable reaction. The quality of the DRI is measured by the sum of meta llic Fe ( Fe or Fe3C ) is present in the merchandise. This figure is called metallization and is reported in a per centum of the entire mass of the merchandise. The merchandises of the DRI procedures are either pelletized into DRI or briquetted into hot briquetted Fe ( HBI ) . The decrease of the Fe ore or EAF mulcts takes topographic point in several reactions that cut down the Fe oxides to metallic Fe ( eq. 1 and 2 ) . The reduction gases are produced by burning natural gas or a C beginning so adding the heated burning merchandises to the reaction vass. Fe2O3 + 3H2 ( g ) > 2Fe + 3H2O ( combining weight. 1 ) Fe2O3 + 3CO ( g ) > 2Fe + 3CO2 ( combining weight. 2 ) Hydrogen and C monoxide are formed from burning natural gas, while merely C monoxide is formed when coal or coke is combusted. The difference between the procedures is how the provender stock is exposed to the burning gases. The most common type of reaction vas is the shaft furnace where the provender stock is fed into the top of the furnace so dropped through the vas to be exposed to the reduction gasses so extracted from the underside of the furnace. The conceiver of utilizing the shaft furnace for DRI production is the Midrex corporation and is known as the Midrex Process. The Midrex procedure uses a Reformed natural gas as the decrease gas and requires the usage of pelletized Fe ore as a provender stock. The natural gas is combusted in a reforming vas so fed into the shaft furnace where it is assorted with extra natural gas and O to make some more chemical energy for the procedure ( figure 1 ) . The fluke gas is so fed through a station burning chamber and the energy extracted from station burning is used to preheat the provender gas. This gas is so fed to a bag house where it is scrubbed before being reintroduced to the ambiance. This procedure creates chiefly DRI pellets due to the provender stock being pelletized Fe ore and at that place non being a demand to alter the geometry through briquetting. A mistake of the Midrex procedure is its dependance on pelletized ore. The procedure requires the provender stock to incorporate no more than 3 % mulcts. The DRI pellets produced have a high metallization of 95 % on norm, doing it the highest quality DRI. The usage of the station burning allows the Midrex procedure to derive the bulk of the available energy and is what has made it favourable for the bulk of world-wide DRI production A faster production method and 1 that has more flexibleness than the shaft furnace is the rotary fireplace furnace or the Fastmet procedure. The rotary fireplace furnace is a uninterrupted operation that feeds stuff into a revolving furnace that passes the stuff through the reduction atmosphere so removes the stuff near when it completes the full rotary motion ( figure 2 ) . Unlike the Midrex procedure the Fastmet procedure uses mulcts as a feedstock. This allows for the recycling of EAF mulcts and mill dust that would be otherwise disposed of as a risky stuff. The Fastmet procedure uses a C cut downing agent and O burners. The C can be from legion beginnings such as coal, C bearing wastes, and coke. The procedure is seldom run utilizing coke due to the high cost of the coke and the procedure being capable of running on lower quality C mixes. The procedure requires a pelletizing or a briquetting operation due to the provender stock being mulcts. The full procedure requires between si x and twelve proceedingss to finish. The rotary fireplace furnaces produce a direct reduced Fe with a metallization runing from 85-92 % depending on the quality of the provender stock. Fluidized bed reactors are a batch reactor that introduces the stuff into the reactor so the reduction gasses are fed into the underside of the vas with adequate force per unit area to drift the provender stuff. This natation of the provender stuff allows for all of the surface country of the stuff to be exposed to the reduction gasses. There are several signifiers of fluidized bed reactors being used in the market today. The difference between the reacting vass is the figure of responding vass and the type of fuel used to making the reduction gases. The first type of fluid bed reactor is the Finmet procedure using Fe ore mulcts or EAF dust as a provender stuff and natural gas as a cut downing fuel. This procedure uses up to a four phase reactor with the progressive phases utilizing a higher gas speed and a lower reaction clip to derive between 91 % and 93 % metallization ( figure 3 ) . The Finmet procedure requires a briquetting operation because the provender stock is mulcts but be cause of necessitating a high pureness natural gas fuel it produces a really low residuary HBI. The following two procedures, Circofer and Circored, both feature a two phase fluidized bed reactor with the first phase being a short keeping clip vas with a high gas speed and the 2nd phase a long keeping clip with a low gas speed ( figure 4 ) . The difference between the two is that the Circofer procedure uses metallurgical coal for a fuel while the Circored procedure uses natural gas. Both of these reach an mean 92 % metallization and provender pellets. Hsysla steel developed a traveling bed reactor to make DRI ( figure 5 ) . The Hyl procedure provenders lump Fe into the procedure and a high H content reformed natural gas. The high H is created by reforming with a nickle-based accelerator. The Hyl procedure uses an elevated temperature and force per unit area to increase the processing clip for the reactions. The high H and the elevated temperature and force per unit area create a high quality DRI with 93 % mean metallization. The concluding reactor vas is the Allis Chalmers controlled Atmosphere Reactor ( ACCAR ) . The ACCAR uses a counter flow rotary kiln. The rotary kiln procedure uses a low quality but extremely reactive coal to make cut downing gasses ( figure 6 ) . The rotary kiln produces a DRI with a 92 % metallization. The responding vas does non use any of the station burning in the procedure but station burning vass have been added to the procedure to make adequate energy to power the full installation and add some back to the grid. With DRI being produced in many different treating methods there are some cardinal characteristics that set some appart from the others. The rotary kiln, shaft furnace, and the traveling bed reactor vass produce the highest metallization. The rotary fireplace furnace has the fastest procedure clip. The most popular on the market right now is the Midrex shaft furnace with about 60 % of the market portion of DRI production ( table 1 ) . DRI is a stuff that EAF operations have come to depend on and will go on to increase usage due to the high cost of hog Fe and the continued recycling of bit steel.Table 1 ) Comparative sum-up of procedures as of 2008World Production Reactor Feed Type Reducing agent Average metallization Merchandises ACCAR 24.0 % Rotary Kiln pellets Low quality Coal 92 % Pellets and Energy FinMet 2.0 % Fluid bed reactor ore mulcts natural gas 91-93 % Briquettes Hyl 14.5 % Traveling bed reactor ball ore Coal 93 % Pellets or briquettes Midrex 58.2 % Shaft pellets natural gas 95 % Pellets Circofer 0.5 % two stage fluid bed ore mulcts Coal 92 % Pellets or briquettes Circored 0.5 % two stage fluid bed ore mulcts natural gas 92 % Pellets or briquettes Fastmet 0.4 % Rotary fireplace EAF dust/scrap Carbon 85-92 % BriquettesPlants CitedBresser, W. , & A ; Weber, P. ( 1995 ) . Circored and circofer: State of the art Technology for low cost direct decrease. Iron Steel Eng. ( USA ) Vol. 72, no 4, pp. 81-85. Energiron. ( n.d. ) . HP- HYL Process Description. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Energiron Corperate Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.energiron.com/tour/HYL % 20DR-Minimill % 20QTVR % 20tour/files/supportdocs/dri/pressprocess.pdf Kobe Steel, LTD. ( n.d. ) . FastMet Process. Retrieved Decemeber 7, 2009, from Kobelco, Kobe Steel LTD: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kobelco.co.jp/p108/fastmet/indexe.htm Kobelco. ( n.d. ) . Fastmet Process Flow. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Kobelco Corperation Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kobelco.co.jp/english/topics/2008/10/fastment_process_flow.pdf Lepinski, J. A. ( 1980 ) . THe ACCAR System and its Application to Direct Reduction of Iron Ores. Iron Steel Eng Vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 25-31. Lopez, G. G. , & A ; Noriega, E. ( 2008, December ) . InTech Hot Fe. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Emerson Process Management: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.easydeltav.com/news/viewpoint/InTech1208.pdf Lopukhov, G. A. ( 2003 ) . The ‘Finmet ‘ engineering. Elektrometall Vol. 1, pp 43-44. Midrex Corp. ( 2009, April 1 ) . 2008 World Direct Reduced Statistics. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Midrex Corperate Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.midrex.com/uploads/documents/MIDREXStatsBook2008.pdf Quintero Yanez, D. ( 1992 ) . Development of Thursday Use of HYL DRI in the Electric Arc Furnace. 4th European Electric Steel Congress, ( pp. pp 273-283 ) . Madrid ; Spain. Schutze, W. R. ( n.d. ) . HBI – Hot Briquetting of Direct Reduced Iron. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Koppern Corperation Web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.koeppern.de/download/11_7.pdf Tanaka, H. , Harada, t. , & A ; Yoshida, S. ( 2005 ) . Development of Coal-Based Direct Reduction Ironmaking Process. SEAISI Quarterly Vol 34, Number 4, ppp 26-33. Weber, P. , Hirsch, M. , Bresser, W. , & A ; Husain, R. ( 2009 ) . Circofer, A Low Cost Approach to DRI production. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from Hot Briqetted Iron Association: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hbia.org/Technical/openpdf.cfm? filename=DRProcess/1994-1DR.pdf

Feature pegged to election 2012 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feature pegged to election 2012 - Essay Example In Florida, early voting is different from absentee balloting since early voting occurs at multiple locations while utilizing similar machines like those applied during Election Day. On the other hand, Florida absentee voters need to move to the administrator of election office, before filling out a mail-in ballot (Coleman, 4). Candidly, absentee votes count as it permits voters, in addition to those who are not able to get to the polling stations due to health issues, as well as the elderly the chance to vote. Furthermore, the existing system offers every support possible, specifically, the system offers a lot of time to register for the ballot online, in addition to sending emails every step of the way for proper verification. Moreover, it has been made much easier for the voter to research the candidates and their issues, with the actual ballot in front of them. Mark Stillwell, who is looking forward to voting in November, believes that the basic absentee voting system is okay, bu t it can be superior if there is an audit trail, which could verify that individual votes are counted. For instance, several Federal laws still guide the department of defense officials, in ascertaining military personnel serving beyond state and overseas when it comes to requesting, acquiring, and casting their absentee ballots. Certainly, this is an obvious disadvantage that suppresses military votes to be decided by only senior civilian officials in Pentagon. Whilst the pros of absentee voting are rather obvious, the cons are fairly ambiguous. The reason being that, absentee ballots, are pegged on decisions from local election officials, who interpret them using their individual state laws (Coleman, 4). Thus, this creates confusion as most of absentee ballots are often discarded due to technicalities. For instance, Erica Stillwell interviewed for this segment, says that â€Å"my ballot came with a "privacy sleeve" that I had to fill out with my personal information so they knew it was my ballot. It's supposed to be separated from my ballot to keep it all confidential, but I think it's a system that could be easily abuse†. Thus, this has caused her to be a little bit unease regarding the privacy of the whole process. Some of the absentee voters do not feel totally secure that their votes will be counted. Erica Stillwell argues in support of this conception by providing her own experience, â€Å"I also received three identical emails telling me that my ballot had been received, which makes me even more nervous about the validity of the system†. Despite of this indecision, she says â€Å"I honestly actually missed all the ceremony built up around Election Day too... I hate standing in line, but I always did feel a certain civic pride going to the polls and coming out with my "I voted" sticker†. Erica Stillwell fears are by no means unreal, since Florida overseas ballot voting statutes gives room for candidates’ campaigners to trove, incoming ballots via mail from the state residing abroad. They are also able to mount legal plus public relations battle to influence canvassing boards within their strongholds, so as to waive Florida election regulations in counting the overseas absentee ballots. There are numerous reasons that cause most people to distrust Florida absentee voting process, especially given that most are complaining that they do not feel absolutely convinced that their votes

The 5 most important ideas of politics and US government Essay

The 5 most important ideas of politics and US government - Essay Example An individual has the innate tendency to resist all that obstruct one’s liberty. The connotation of liberty is so vast that it defies definition. Each one sees a new horizon of liberty. For the American people the concept of liberty is supreme as it stands to protect the essential dignity of an individual. Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, the Nobel Prize winning poet, describes the concept of liberty in his beautiful poem â€Å"Where the Mind is Without Fear.† He writes, â€Å" Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high, where knowledge is free, where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls, where words come out from the depth of truth, where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection, where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way, into the dreary desert sand of dead habit, where the mind is led forward by thee into ever-widening thought and action, into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake. † (Tagore, n. p.) This is fantastic explanation about the concept of liberty. In the context of American history, the concept of liberty has undergone many changes as per the demands of time. Each advocate of liberty takes a different line of argument as to its potency and desires to outsmart the previous definitions. Ernest Hemingway in his Autobiography writes â€Å"[†¦.] the loss of liberty anywhere in the world is a threat to liberty everywhere† (Hemingway†¦).... They are born in poverty. Live in poverty and just walk up to the grave in poverty. The African-Americans(slaves) survived only because they had a chance to work(just one aspect of liberty) though on a meager or no salary. Schumacher, E.F in his book â€Å"Small is Beautiful† writesâ€Å"[†¦]the chances to work is the greatest of all needs, and even poorly paid and relatively unproductive work is better than idleness†( 161).This was the position when the practice of slavery was legal in America. After the abolition of slavery, when African-Americans took to education, they began to comprehend the meaning of liberty. Prior to that, in the land of tyranny how could the African American think of equality? Isaiah Berlin in his book â€Å"Liberty: Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty† writes â€Å"It is interesting, but perhaps irrelevant, historical question at what date, and in what circumstances, the notion of individual liberty in this sense first became exp licit in the West†(p.32, 33).Liberty does not mean people should do what they want to do, but they should do what they are expected to do. Liberty is an individual prerogative subject to the liberty (rights) of others. It is a carefully balanced walk and not a carefree race. It is to act with caution, always minding the fact that rights go with duties and responsibilities. Limited Governance The source of the power for the government is the willingness of the people to make and unmake it. The people cannot dethrone the government in power at will, and yet the people of America are supreme and the government itself is limited to the power given to it by them. The Government of

There are 3 options and the writer can choose 1 to write on Essay

There are 3 options and the writer can choose 1 to write on - Essay Example In the event that social inclusion refers to the obligation of all members of the society to include individuals secluded by society based on bias or unjustified reasons, then preventing the birth of people with individuals via genetic intervention cannot be justified. The paper holds that preventing the birth of individuals with disabilities within the present social system is immoral and exclusive of people with disabilities. From Chance to Choice Introduction One of the dominant ways in which the human condition could be altered is through the enhancement of fundamental human capacities. If one of the partners carries a version of a gene that could prejudice the offspring to inherit conditions that they want to avert, then gene manipulation may appear a viable way to safeguard the undesired outcome. Disability represents a physical or mental condition that individuals have a powerful preference not to be, which in some sense can be considered as a â€Å"harmed condition.† T his elevates the significance of probing the normative questions raised by such prospects (Robertson,1996. Background In the article titled â€Å"from Chance to Choice,† Buchanan et al. ... The prediction on whether support will reduce as science reduces the occurrence of genetic diseases is much less reasonable today, than it would have been two decades ago. This disregards the possibility that those who may not be disabled can possess legitimate interests in minimizing the rate of disabilities (Buchanan, Brock, Daniels, & Wilker, 2000). The interest that individuals have in not having disabilities can be regarded as morally legitimate; however, in some instances, the interest may be irrelevant since the disability can be averted only by safeguarding the existence of the individual who might be born with the disability. The incidence of genetically based diseases may be minimized devoid of preventing the birth of individuals who might have disabilities. Hence, argument on the loss of support must be rejected as it fails to award any weight to the legitimate interests that individuals possess in averting disabilities. Buchanan et al. (2000) makes a distinction between b eing harmed and being wrongly harmed. Furthermore, the loss of support argument is exclusionary, which render it flawed since it considers only a section of legitimate interest at stake and award no weight to the legitimate interests that individuals have in not having disabilities (Sherlock & Morrey, 2002). Discussion I agree with the presented notion that utilizing germ line choice to eliminate disabilities is immoral and harmful. Overall, there exists an inherent ethical objection to the pursuit of altering genes of future generations given that such an action cannot be labelled as a â€Å"therapy† of a set future offspring, but rather relies on a â€Å"eugenic† judgement on the worthiness of